![]() This allowed it to hide its metaphorical vantage point – though hiding it didn't make it simply disappear.ĭuring the Cold War, cartographers in both the East and the West used the Mercator projection to have the Soviet Union appear particularly large – as a demonstration of its power and of its supposed threat to the rest of the world, respectively. In the course of becoming a 'science', the art of mapping oriented itself on standardised mathematical models. Lévy works at EPFL and is investigating the origins and the future of cartography, which is really also a 'language' – albeit a language that has, since the Renaissance, increasingly insisted that it is objective and absolute. A map is more than just "a conventional arrangement of data", writes the geographer Jacques Lévy in his article 'A Cartographic Turn?'. It was in this manner that cultural perspectives inserted themselves between the world and our images of it. This gave maps a temporal dimension besides their spatial aspect. ![]() They comprised the places relevant to the Christian history of salvation and other biblical motives. Maps were less an aid to spatial orientation than a demonstration of God's global reach. And the North wasn't at the top, but the East – because people thought that's where paradise lay. ![]() Occasionally, it was even Christ or the Cross that provided the form of maps. It was no longer the geometry of the world, but God who kept the world together. This was just as true for the Middle Ages in Christendom. The centre of the map always signified the centre of the world it was from this starting point that the Earth was conceived, and its boundaries defined and drawn. The symmetries of the early Greek maps, for example, reveal the teachings of their natural philosophy, and while their 'centres' were situated in Delphi or Alexandria – which were the centres of political and cultural power at the time – their midpoint later shifted towards Jerusalem. Even if their creations were far removed from what we would regard as a usable map today, they are all the more interesting for showing us how our mapped visions of the world are determined by 'paradigmatically predominant explanatory models' of the things and people in our global order. It reaches back into Classical times to investigate the concepts of Anaximander, Eratosthenes and Ptolemy. ![]() 'About projections' is the title of her study. And this is also why Greenland appears to be as big as Africa on these maps. This is why the same distance appears longer, the closer it is to one of the poles. The circles had been made into oval forms – and one could hardly offer a more striking demonstration of what the Mercator projection does to the world: it inflates its proportions, and does so the most towards the Arctic and Antarctic. Two weeks later, the Economist published a corrected version, according to which the Taepodong-2 was able to reach both Europe and the USA. In contrast to what the map suggests, the shortest path from Asia to the USA is not from west to east across the Pacific, but across the Arctic to the north. But this kind of map offers a poor depiction of the curvature of the Earth. The Economist had marked out the possible radius of the rockets on a map that was based on the Mercator projection. Today you can find the Economist's map in cartography textbooks as an example of how misleading the use of certain maps can be. That meant that all of Asia was in danger, as the map demonstrated – but the West was safe. Taepodong-2, the newest missile developed by North Korea, was supposedly able to transport a warhead over 9,000 miles. It did so with a map of the world on which distances were marked by concentric circles. The English magazine The Economist wanted to explain to its readers the danger that Pyongyang's nuclear missiles posed to the world. Es The year was 2003, the topic North Korea.
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